John McCarthy, one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) and likely the first to use the term, defined AI in a now-classic 1955 paper as: “the science and engineering of making machines capable of performing tasks that require human intelligence” (McCarthy et al., 2006). This definition emphasizes the ability of machines to perform tasks that, if carried out by a human, would require the use of intelligence. It covers a wide range of research fields and applications aimed at creating computer systems capable of solving problems, learning, reasoning, and making decisions in a manner similar to a human, or even more effectively in some cases. Since then, considerable progress has been made in the fields of basic and applied AI research.