A continent of many paradoxes, Africa—despite having a lower average productive capacity index than other regions—boasts the highest ratio of entrepreneurs in the world. Furthermore, in a unique development, despite facing greater barriers, African women appear more likely to become entrepreneurs than men, making them the largest group of self-employed workers on the planet. The role and importance of women, a historic pillar of society, are well established in Africa. Nevertheless, the growing role of entrepreneurship—a source of innovation, dynamism, and improved productivity—in the economic and social development of African societies, combined with the characteristics of the private sector in Africa, justifies the thematic focus of this issue.